Diphallus, which is also known as diphallia, is a very rare congenital anomaly encountered nearly one in 5.5 million population. Since the first case was presented by Wecker in 1609, only 120 cases have been reported in the literature so far. Vast majority of cases with diphallus were accompanied by various congenital anomalies mainly genitourinary and anorectal malformations. Diphallus can be classified as glandular diphallus, bifid diphallus, and complete diphallia according to the anatomical structure involved.

In the evaluation of a 32-year-old male patient who was referred to our clinic with the complaint of gynecomastia and primary infertility, ennuchoid structure, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and azoospermia were detected. Based on these findings, the genetic evaluation revealed the presence of 48XXYY syndrome. In this case report, we aimed to report the diagnostic algorithm and management of 48 XXYY syndrome. It should be noted that fertility should not be expected in patients with 48XXYY syndrome.

Primary or secondary lymphoma of the prostate is a rare condition. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) represent 4-9% of all lymphomas. Prostate involvement with MCL is very rare, with only 11 reported cases up to now. Here we present a case with lower urinary tract symptoms and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) elevation diagnosed with MCL of the prostate. Prostate biopsy was performed in a 70-year-old patient due to increased PSA. After the pathology result was reported as prostatic MCL, imaging studies and sampling of additional pathological specimens were performed for staging.

Immunosuppressive therapy is related to the increasing frequency of malignancies after transplantation. A small percentage (4.6%) of malignancies seen in kidney transplant patients are renal cell carcinomas (RCC) which occur almost exclusively in native kidneys. The prognosis of RCC largely depends on the presence of metastasis. Metastatic disease is very rare in small renal masses. In this case report, we aimed to present our case of approximately 4 cm-mass of metastatic RCC in our kidney transplant patient.