Articles
Editorial
Dear Colleagues

Our journal titled Grand Journal of Urology (Grand J Urol), whose foundation studies were completed by the end of 2020 was published in January 2021 by publishing its first issue and took its place among scientific journals in the field of urology. The journal aims to publish original scientific urological articles. It is an open access, peer-reviewed journal and will be published online three times a year (January, May and September) in English. ...
Letter to the Editor
Urological Research and Education in Covid-19 Pandemic

The new coronaviruses outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) originated from the Chinese region of Wuhan in the last quarter of 2019 affected approximately 75 million people all around the world and caused over 1.6 million deaths. COVID-19 is a highly contagious viral infection and its main routes for transmission are the person to person contact, touch, and aerosol. While it has detrimental effects on respiratory and cardiovascular systems it ...
Clinical Image
Isolated Adrenal Gland Injury After Blunt Trauma

A 36-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department with abdominal and left side pain 1.5 hours after an in-vehicle traffic accident. The patient had no history of comorbidity or surgery. The patient did not receive any anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy prior to the trauma. Vital signs of the patient were stable (Blood pressure 145/100 mmHg, pulse 98 beats/min, and temperature 37.2°C). Physical examination revealed no additio ...

A 74-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department with a 1 cm incision surrounding the penis body, bleeding, and discoloration of the penis skin. It was observed that there were white-yellow rubber bands in the incision area in the examination of the patient (Figure 1). Laboratory examinations revealed no pathology. The patient was consulted at the urology clinic. It was learned that he underwent urethral surgery after trauma an ...

Acute urinary retention is one of the most common situations in urological emergencies. It is more common in older men. Acute urinary retention in pregnant women is a rare condition but it may cause abortus, preterm labor and rarely uterine ischemia. It is very difficult to reveal the causes of acute urinary retention in pregnant women. One of them is acute urinary retention due to retroverted uterus which is observed in 11% of pregnant women. In ...

Retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLS) is a rare tumor. Early diagnosis and treatment are difficult due to absence of specific clinical presentations. We report a case of a 66-years-old woman who succesfully underwent complete surgical resection for a giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma. The complete surgical resection is the most important predictor of local recurrence and overall survival. We believe that complete surgical resection involving adjacen ...
Review Article (Mini Review)
Current Approaches in Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy

Prostate cancer is one of the most common tumor in males. Radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy and watchful waiting are the main treatment options in localized disease. Radiotherapy together with hormonotherapy is standard of care in patients with advanced stages. Surgery or radiotherapy has comparable local control and survival outcomes in localized disease. During recent years a significant reduction in the rate of serious side effects has been ...
Review Article (Mini Review)
Alternative Treatment Methods for Refractory Overactive Bladder

Overactive bladder is a serious condition that can significantly impair quality of life. Antimuscarinic agents are recommended as second step therapy in patients who do not respond to behavioral therapy. However, the therapeutic efficacy of antimuscarinic agents is limited. Alternative treatment methods to medical treatment have been developed due to its limited effectiveness and high side effects. Posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS), trans ...
Original Article
Factors Affecting TESE Success in Infertility Treatment: Single Center Experience Preliminary Results

Infertility is a health problem with increasing treatment seeking. Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) is the only possible procedure to offer genetic parenting to men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). Our aim in this study is to present our clinical experiences that affect the success of sperm finding in men with NOA in the light of the literature. In our study, patients who underwent TESE with a diagnosis of NOA between 2017-2020 were retro ...

Varicocele is the abnormal venous dilatation and the tortuosity of the pampiniform plexus. Varicocele has been shown to be related with systemic varicosity in some studies. Platelet volume indices have also been reported to increase in vascular disorders. In this study, we aimed to determine if complete blood count (CBC) parameters especially platelet count and volume indices could be a practical tool in varicocele diagnosis and follow-up. The me ...

Penile fracture is one of the urological emergencies that require early surgical inter-vention. False penile fracture, on the other hand, is a condition that presents with similar clini-cal features and can be treated conservatively. In this study, it was aimed to present the clini-cal and operative results of 8 patients who were operated on with a prediagnosis of penile fracture and then diagnosed with a false penile fracture in the light of the ...
Original Article
The Relation Between BMI and Polypharmacy with Urinary Incontinence in Diabetic Geriatric Patients

In our study, we aimed to examine the effects of body mass index (BMI) and multiple drug use on urinary incontinence (UI) in diabetic geriatric patients. Our study included 246 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients aged 65 and over who applied to our outpatient clinic between October and December 2019 and remained after the exclusion criteria were applied. The relationship between the frequency of UI and age, diabetes age, HbA1c, BMI, number of drugs ...
Original Article
The Effects of Previous Renal Stone Surgery on Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Outcomes

We aimed to compare outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) surgery in patients who had and had not undergone renal stone surgery before PNL. We retrospectively analyzed the medical records all patients who underwent PNL in our department between 2010 and 2019. Examined parameters consist of patient demographics, medical and surgical history, stone size, stone density, stone site, estimated intraoperative blood loss, duration of operation, ...
Image Column
Although ultrasonography is noninvasive, easily accessible, and
inexpensive, it is dependent on the person and can sometimes be
inadequate when evaluating retroperitoneal organs. CT is the gold
standard for detecting adrenal gland injury as in all trauma cases.
CT scan findings of adrenal gland injury include hyperdensity,
periadrenal fat stranding infiltration, and ipsilateral
diaphragmatic crural thickening. Furthermore, the need to monitor
and rule out an underlying adrenal neoplasm should be taken into
account in these patients due to possible bleeding to a pre-existing
adrenal mass. Surgery (adrenalectomy) and interventional radiologic
procedures (embolization) may be needed although most adrenal gland
injuries are treated conservatively. Treatment depends on the
hemodynamic condition of the patient, the severity of the gland
damage, bilateral gland involvement, and the extent of bleeding
within the gland.
Urinary retention can be described as an inability to urinate, which
occurs due to any cause that needs urgent intervention. It is often
seen as a result of obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia
and urethral stenosis, especially in adult men. Urinary retention is
more rare in women and can potentially occur due to anatomical,
pharmacological, neurological, infective, myopathic and psychogenic
etiologies. A rare cause of urinary retention is the retroverted
uterus, which mechanically obstructs the bladder during pregnancy.
Retroverted uterus occurs in approximately 11% of first trimester
pregnancies, of which only 1% have urinary retention that requires
treatment. Urinary retention in pregnant women is important to
prevent complications by revealing the underlying causes.
Retroperitoneal sarcomas represent 10-15% of all soft tissue
sarcomas. The most common histological type of sarcomas is
liposarcoma, accounting for 20-45% of cases. Retroperitoneal
liposarcoma (RPLS) usually occurs in 40-60 year-old patients, with a
male/female ratio of 1:1. Because of the largeness of
retroperitoneal area, liposarcomas are usually asymptomatic. When
initially diagnosed, the sarcoma has reached a large size and often
invades adjacent organs. If needed a negative surgical margin should
be provided by resection of adjacent organs to improve survival.
However, the 5-year survival rate is 20% in the well-differentiated
and 83% in the undifferentiated subtypes. We report the management
of a rare case of a giant 25 cm retroperitoneal liposarcoma. In
conclusion, RPLS is a rare tumor with a high rate of relapse without
any typical symptoms. The large size of the mass at the time of
diagnosis can make surgery difficult.
Prostate cancer is one of the most common tumor in males. Radical
prostatectomy, radiotherapy and watchful waiting are the main
treatment options in localized disease. Radiotherapy together with
hormonotherapy is accepted as the standard of care in patients with
advanced stages. Surgery or radiotherapy has comparable local
control and survival outcomes in localized disease. During recent
years a significant reduction in the rate of serious side effects
has been achieved due to the development of modern radiotherapy
techniques. With the use of these techniques such as
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), Image-guided radiotherapy
(IGRT), Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), high doses can be
given safely and the rates of serious short - or long-term side
effects have not exceeded 1 percent.
News from GJU
Editorial
Dear Colleagues

Our primary goal is to carefully evaluate the works of domestic and
foreign authors, to take place in national and international
reputable indexes with original and scientific articles, and to
announce its name and content on scientific platforms….
Letter to the Editor
Urological Research and Education in
Covid-19 Pandemic

We would like to congratulate you on the first issue of your journal
planned to be released in such a difficult time and wish you to have
significant contributions to the field of Urology in a strictly
scientific manner. Sincerely yours….
News

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a global epidemic that has
affected the whole world. COVID-19 has caused the postponement of
elective operations, especially urological cancer surgeries, by
affecting hospitals, patients, urologists, auxiliary health
personnel, and resources at different rates in many countries and
still continues with the current fluctuation. Delayed can-cer
diagnosis and management during the pandemic will cause an increase
in the incidence of untreated cancer patients in the coming months
and we will face greater problems than the effects of COVID-19. If
we list the urinary system cancers, they are adrenal, kidney, upper
urinary system urothelial cancer, bladder, prostate, penis, and
testicular cancer.
Adrenal gland cancers, especially adrenocortical cancer, have an aggressive course and require early surgery. Surgery for T1 kidney cancers may be delayed until sufficient resources are available. Early surgery should be planned if patients with T2 kidney cancer have unfavorable pre-operative prognostic factors, otherwise, it may be delayed. Higher stage kidney cancers should be considered for early surgery. An early multidisciplinary approach is recommended for metastatic kidney cancers. Early surgery should be performed especially in patients with the high-risk class of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Muscle-invasive bladder cancer is susceptible to high progression. Radical cystectomy, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy, should not exceed 12 weeks. If radical cystectomy cannot be performed, radiotherapy in combi-nation with chemotherapy should be considered for eligible patients. Patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer should be appropriately counseled based on their risk stratification. Intravesical treatments can be continued in accordance with urology guidelines. Short-term delays in this patient group do not carry a high risk of poor prognosis. Prostate cancer screening, imag-ing, and biopsies may generally be suspended. Active monitoring in low-risk prostate cancer should be done as in normal practice. Treatment can be safely delayed in low and intermediate-risk patients. Although surgery may be delayed in high-risk prostate cancer, neoadjuvant hormonal therapy and radiotherapy may need to be considered with little evidence. Initiation of long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) together with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in high-risk and very high-risk prostate cancer may be preferred as a suitable alternative. Testicular cancer should be treated in a timely manner with surgery or chemotherapy as indicated. Penile cancer can have worse sexual, functional, and oncological consequences with prolonged surgical delay. In penile cancer, negative results were observed in 3-month delays before inguinal lymphadenectomy.
COVID-19 has dramatically changed the management of urological cancers and raises concern in urological cancer management with its ongoing high case numbers. Telemedicine-online interviews and meetings that increase the patient's awareness about the disease and discuss complicated patients should be encouraged. In order to minimize the risk in all urological cancer groups, correct planning and, if possible, early surgical treatment should be carried out by considering previous guidelines and data on the management of urology cancer patients in the cur-rent COVID-19 pandemic period.
Adrenal gland cancers, especially adrenocortical cancer, have an aggressive course and require early surgery. Surgery for T1 kidney cancers may be delayed until sufficient resources are available. Early surgery should be planned if patients with T2 kidney cancer have unfavorable pre-operative prognostic factors, otherwise, it may be delayed. Higher stage kidney cancers should be considered for early surgery. An early multidisciplinary approach is recommended for metastatic kidney cancers. Early surgery should be performed especially in patients with the high-risk class of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Muscle-invasive bladder cancer is susceptible to high progression. Radical cystectomy, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy, should not exceed 12 weeks. If radical cystectomy cannot be performed, radiotherapy in combi-nation with chemotherapy should be considered for eligible patients. Patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer should be appropriately counseled based on their risk stratification. Intravesical treatments can be continued in accordance with urology guidelines. Short-term delays in this patient group do not carry a high risk of poor prognosis. Prostate cancer screening, imag-ing, and biopsies may generally be suspended. Active monitoring in low-risk prostate cancer should be done as in normal practice. Treatment can be safely delayed in low and intermediate-risk patients. Although surgery may be delayed in high-risk prostate cancer, neoadjuvant hormonal therapy and radiotherapy may need to be considered with little evidence. Initiation of long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) together with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in high-risk and very high-risk prostate cancer may be preferred as a suitable alternative. Testicular cancer should be treated in a timely manner with surgery or chemotherapy as indicated. Penile cancer can have worse sexual, functional, and oncological consequences with prolonged surgical delay. In penile cancer, negative results were observed in 3-month delays before inguinal lymphadenectomy.
COVID-19 has dramatically changed the management of urological cancers and raises concern in urological cancer management with its ongoing high case numbers. Telemedicine-online interviews and meetings that increase the patient's awareness about the disease and discuss complicated patients should be encouraged. In order to minimize the risk in all urological cancer groups, correct planning and, if possible, early surgical treatment should be carried out by considering previous guidelines and data on the management of urology cancer patients in the cur-rent COVID-19 pandemic period.