Prostate cancer is one of the most common tumor in males. Radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy and watchful waiting are the main treatment options in localized disease. Radiotherapy together with hormonotherapy is accepted as the standard of care in patients with advanced stages. Surgery or radiotherapy has comparable local control and survival outcomes in localized disease. During recent years a significant reduction in the rate of serious side effects has been achieved due to the development of modern radiotherapy techniques. With the use of these techniques such as Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), Image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT), Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), high doses can be given safely and the rates of serious short-or long-term side effects have not exceeded 1 percent. Modern radiotherapy techniques allow dose escalation for the target volume, and due to its achievement of sharp dose gradient around the target volume and enable to increase radiation doses homogeneously within the target volume without exceeding the tolerance doses in organs at risk. In the last few years hypofractionation has gained popularity in the curative radiotherapy of prostate cancer.

Acute urinary retention is one of the most common situations encountered in urological emergencies. It is more frequently seen in older men. Acute urinary retention in pregnant women is a rare condition but it may cause abortus, preterm labor and rarely uterine ischemia. It is very difficult to reveal the causes of acute urinary retention in pregnant women. One of them is acute urinary retention due to retroverted uterus which is observed in 11% of pregnant women. In this case, we discussed a young pregnant patient who presented to our outpatient clinic with complaints of recurrent urinary retention due to retroverted uterus.

A 36-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department with abdominal and left side pain 1.5 hours after an in-vehicle traffic accident. The patient had no history of comorbidity or surgery. The patient did not receive any anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy prior to the trauma. Vital signs of the patient were stable (Blood pressure 145/100 mmHg, pulse 98 beats/min, and temperature 37.2°C). Physical examination revealed no additional pathology except left side pain and left upper quadrant tenderness in deep palpation. White blood cells were found to be 17.330/mm3, hemoglobin level 17.34 mg/dL, and hematocrit 48.83% in the complete blood count examination. There was no abnormality in the biochemical analysis. An evaluation focused on sonography for trauma (FAST) in the emergency department was negative. Contrast-enhanced thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) scan was performed. Abdominal CT revealed a 44x42 mm left central hyperdense and peripheral hypodense adrenal mass (63 hounsfield unit) and periadrenal fat strands. Additionally, a cortical cyst was observed in the upper pole of the left kidney (Figure 1). The lesion was evaluated as an adrenal hematoma. No other injuries were detected, especially no injury to the spleen or kidney. No rib or spine fractures were observed. The patient was treated conservatively with bed rest, parenteral fluid, antibiotherapy, and analgesics. Hemoglobin and biochemical parameters remained constant. Endocrinology consultation was requested for adrenal insufficiency. Endocrinological evaluations revealed no pathology. The control abdominal CT performed 7 days later showed that the hematoma did not progress (40x37 mm, central density is prominent) (Figure 2). The patient was discharged without any problems. An abdominal CT scan was planned to evaluate the resolution of the adrenal hematoma 1 month later. The patient was asymptomatic during the follow-up. No abscess or infection format was observed. Informed written consent was obtained from the patient for this report. Figure 1: A- Left adrenal hematoma 44x42 mm attenuated central hyperdense and peripheral hypodense round mass in the adrenal gland, B- Periadrenal fat stranding, C- Left kidney upper pole simple cortical cyst (Axial view of enhanced abdominal CT scan) Figure 2: Control abdominal CT; regression of hematoma and increased appearance of central hyperdensity (Axial view of enhanced abdominal CT scan) Adrenal gland injury is a rare clinical picture caused by motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries, or blunt abdominal trauma after falling [–]. Isolated adrenal gland injury is rare due to its small size, deep retroperitoneal position on the upper abdomen, and presence of full-fat tissue around it. Most adrenal gland injuries are associated with multiple adjacent skeletal and organ injuries []. Adrenal gland injuries have been reported in approximately 2-3% of all thoracoabdominal injuries []. Unilateral adrenal injuries occur 5 times more on the right side than on the left (77% versus 15%), and bilateral adrenal injuries occur in 8% of cases in trauma []. Being usually silent and self-limiting, it does not require major operative intervention. However, it may be potentially life-threatening in some cases. The most common symptom is pain; other clinical presentations vary greatly, and it does not produce any specific symptoms or biomarkers. Abdominal pain, side pain, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, hypertension, a palpable side mass, agitation, mental status changes, and lowgrade fever may occur []. The emergency physician should be aware of the possibility of organ damage associated with adrenal injury and the potential for adrenal insufficiency especially if an unusual complaint is presented after blunt trauma (unexplained hypotension, electrolyte disorder, and pain that does not go away despite analgesics) []. Although ultrasonography is noninvasive, easily accessible, and inexpensive, it is dependent on the person and can sometimes be inadequate when evaluating retroperitoneal organs. CT is the gold standard for detecting adrenal gland injury as in all trauma cases []. CT scan findings of adrenal gland injury include hyperdensity, periadrenal fat stranding infiltration, and ipsilateral diaphragmatic crural thickening [,]. Furthermore, the need to monitor and rule out an underlying adrenal neoplasm should be taken into account in these patients due to possible bleeding to a pre-existing adrenal mass []. Surgery (adrenalectomy) and interventional radiologic procedures (embolization) may be needed although most adrenal gland injuries are treated conservatively. Treatment depends on the hemodynamic condition of the patient, the severity of the gland damage, bilateral gland involvement, and the extent of bleeding within the gland []. Ethics Committee Approval: N / A. Informed Consent: An informed consent was obtained from the patient. Publication: The results of the study were not published in full or in part in form of abstracts. Peer-review: Externally peer-reviewed. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Financial Disclosure: The authors declare that this study received no financial support.

The new coronaviruses outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) originated from the Chinese region of Wuhan in the last quarter of 2019 affected approximately 75 million people all around the world and caused over 1.6 million deaths []. COVID-19 is a highly contagious viral infection and its main routes for transmission are the person to person contact, touch, and aerosol. While it has detrimental effects on respiratory and cardiovascular systems it also can be found in digestive and urinary systems. The frequently experienced symptoms are fever, dry cough, dyspnea, fatigue, and loss of appetite []. With an ongoing effort, several researchers focused on investigating a drug or vaccine to end the pandemic. Currently, despite there is no drug specifically approved for COVID-19 treatment, there has been more than one vaccine from different nations to prevent the virus spread. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, virology research constituted less than 2% of all biomedical research. But this rate has been increased to 10-20% which represents the incredible adaptation potential of the research community. By the way, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a massive influx of publication not only by virologists and infectious health specialists but also by almost all medical disciplines. To facilitate early dissemination of knowledge prior to any peer-review, many articles have been uploaded preprint services []. It is not realistic to assume that a qualified and strict peer-review process could compensate for the high number of submissions. Moreover, someone must be aware that those non-peer-reviewed materials could be picked up by the media and spread to the population. Social distancing and transmission issues have also led to travel and social restrictions that resulted in many trials to be suspended or delaying in patient recruitment []. It is wellknown that generally large-scale randomized trials were not set up in time in the previous pandemic. However, the use of modern information technologies in combination with oldfashioned randomization might lead to the rapid gain of viable results nowadays. Countries might be encouraged to establish clinical-trial networks to activate and arrange large multi-center studies []. COVID-19 pandemic deeply affects not only urological patient care but also urology residency education. Work hours modified and residences redeployed to serve in pandemic services in many countries. This situation came along with the problem of interrupted urologic training and unmet minimal case requirements. Generally, online learning curricula have been well-adopted by urologists. However, recent studies have been shown that such changes caused emotionally and physically stressful situations for trainees []. In conclusion, it is obvious that Coronavirus will continue to be in our daily life for a while. Thus, maintaining research and education is vital in all disciplines of medicine. Contributing to the scientific area with respect to essential requirements and ethics will support the development of all humanity in this crisis. Hereby, We would like to congratulate you on the first issue of your journal planned to be released in such a difficult time and wish you to have significant contributions to the field of urology in a strictly scientific manner. Sincerely yours.